Editing Top Gear (1977 TV series)/Series 23/Episode 3

{{Infobox Episode
|episode = Episode 3
|image = [[File:TG_1977_S23E03_End_Card.jpg|300px]]A [[Jaguar XK120]].
|prodcode = NBMN308N
|number = 201
|length = 29:19
|previous = [[{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Episode 2|Series 23, Episode 2]]
|next = [[{{BASEPAGENAME}}/Episode 4|Series 23, Episode 4]]
|airdate = 10th April, 1990
}}

{{TG 1977 Episode|episodename=Series 23, Episode 3|airdate=10th April|year=1990|xth=third|series=[[Series 23]]|number=201st|number78=192nd|prognum=3rd|totprog=18|resolution=576i|aspratio=4:3 Standard|tvorstream=British television|channel=BBC Two}} {{TG 1977 Episode Starring 2|hosta=William Woollard|hostb=Tiff Needell}}

==Synopsis==
{{TG Intro|narrator=William Woollard}}
*A new family-sized hatchback from Yugoslavia.
*Last week solar power; this week other alternatives to petrol.
*And motor racing, with the mighty Austin 7.

This week, William Woollard is stood outside [[Jaguar]]'s Browns Lane plant in Coventry, along with an [[Jaguar E-Type|E-Type]]. Five months earlier, the sports and luxury car maker had been sold to [[Ford]] for £1.6 billion<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/03/business/ford-to-buy-jaguar-for-2.38-billion.html New York Times - Ford to Buy Jaguar For $2.38 Billion.]</ref> from its former owners British Leyland. To commemorate this landmark purchase, the episode will focus on the history that Ford has chosen to buy into, going over some of Jaguar's greatest hits.

===Early Days===
Jaguar was founded by William Lyons as the ''Swallow Sidecar''<ref>[https://www.britainbycar.co.uk/blackpool/533-swallow-sidecar-company Britain By Car - Swallow Sidecar Company.]</ref><ref>However, some sources seem to disagree, including a brochure shown in the episode, which infers "SS" instead stood for ''Standard Swallow''.</ref> company, or ''SS'' for short. Their [[SS One|first car]] entered production in 1931 on the running gear from a saloon originally produced by [[Standard Motor Company|Standard]], including the engine, which at just 53<ref>[https://www.ultimatecarpage.com/forum/showthread.php?39603-SS-1-1932-1936 Ultimatecarpage - SS 1 1932-1936.]</ref> brake horsepower, did not have enough power to Lyons' liking. To remedy this, Lyons appointed Bill Heynes<ref>[https://www.jaguarheritage.com/jaguar-history/jaguar-people/william-lyons/ Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust - William Lyons.]</ref> in order to strip down and re-engineer the Standard engines to produce more power. While developing subsequent models such as the [[SS Jaguar 100|SS100]], Heynes had the inspired idea of naming his cars after the Jaguar species of panther, as naming cars after animals was allegedly<ref>[https://www.smiths-instruments.co.uk/blog/jaguar-cars-originates-with-ss-jaguar-100#:~:text=The%20SS%20Jaguar%20100%20was%20released%20in%201936.,naming%20products%20in%20the%20thirties. Smiths Instruments - Jaguar Cars Legacy Starts with SS Jaguar 100]</ref> a popular practice at the time. The car was also capable of 100 MPH due to its light weight and high power-to-weight ratio, and thus the image of Jaguar was born, the company changing its name after the Second World War to avoid obvious Nazi connotations.

===The XK120, Jaguar in Motorsport===
What was Jaguar's big break however came in 1948 with the [[Jaguar XK120|XK120]], a car originally intended<ref>[https://jec.org.uk/models/xk-sportscars/xk120 Jaguar Enthusiasts' Club - XK120.]</ref> as a concept for the [[British Motor Show/1948|1948]] motor show held at [[Earl's Court]]. However, demand was so great from both sides of the Atlantic that it had to be put into full-scale production. Lyons' swooping, striking exterior design coupled with Heynes' engineering prowess, such as the innovation of a double-overhead camshaft utilised in considerably more expensive, exotic sports cars, helped propel the XK120 to a great deal of success, including holding<ref>[https://sportscardigest.com/jaguar-xk-120/ Sports Car Digest - Jaguar XK120.]</ref> the record as the world's fastest production car. Quickly, the company was beginning to earn a reputation, and this would prompt the company to enter the world of motorsport. Three of the company's [[Jaguar C-Type|C-Type]]s were entered in the 1951 running of Le Mans, which saw the partnership of Peters Walker and Whitehead<ref>[https://prints.motorsportimages.com/motorsport/le-mans-1950/1951-le-mans-24-hours-winning-jaguar-c-type-8881284.html Motorsport Images - 1951 Le Mans 24 hours: The winning Jaguar C-type of Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead.]</ref> win out after their two team-mates retired from the gruelling event. It became the first British car to win at Le Mans since the 1930s, and helped to immortalise the brand and increase sales of their road cars. The C-Type would be replaced by the [[Jaguar D-Type|D-Type]], which went on to win three consecutive runnings of Le Mans from 1955 through to 1957, dominating the latter by making up 5<ref>[https://www.exoto.com/s/1/ProductDetails.aspx?Language=en&ProductId=2849 Exoto - 1954-57 EXOTO JAGUAR D-TYPE 'SHORT NOSE'.]</ref> of the top 6 finishers.

===Subsequent road cars===
Buoyed by this success, Jaguar turned its attention towards luxury cars, building the Mark VII, of which a particular example shown to camera by Woollard was built<ref>[https://www.jaguarheritage.com/car/1955-jaguar-mark-vii-m-saloon/ Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust - 1955 Jaguar Mark VII M Saloon HM Queen Mother's Car 464 HYV.]</ref> for the Queen Mother, and featured novel concepts such as a single piece windscreen which appeared on later models as standard. This car used the same engine as the XK120, and served as the basis for Jaguar's subsequent smaller luxury car, the 2.4, which launched in 1956 in a more widespread production run. The 2.4 sold well but had a glaring design fault<ref>Robson, G. (2006) ''A-Z British Cars 1945-1980''. Devon, UK: Herridge & Sons.</ref> in the car's track width, which is believed to have caused the car to understeer while in tight bends. The car was revised in 1959 as the [[Jaguar Mark II|Mark II]], which rectified this issue, along with a stiffer chassis, redesigned exterior and disc brakes, which were uncommon<ref>[http://www.fossewayperformance.co.uk/jaguar-mk2-brake-upgrades/ Fosseway Performance - Jaguar Mk2 Brake Upgrades.]</ref> for a saloon car at the time of the car's launch.

==References==
<references/>

==Navigation==
{{TG 1977 S23}}